Chapter 29 Section 1 Guided Reading

1) What did the Civil Rights Act of 1875 do? It outlawed segregation in public facilities. it said 'all persons shall be entitled to the full and equal enjoyment of the accommodations of inns, public conveyances on land or water, theaters, and other places of public amusement." It was declared unconstitutional in 1883.

2) How did the court rule in Plessy? It ruled that the laws being set by Louisiana that required that there be "equal but separate" facilities in railroads did not violate the 14th Amendment.

3) In what 3 ways did WWII help set the stage for the civil rights movement?
a. The soldiers that were needed for battle created large amount of jobs that were filled by African Americans, Latinos and women.
b. So many soldiers were needed that the armed forces had to abandon their discrimination policies, and nearly 1 million African Americans served.
c. Civil rights groups campaigned for African American voting rights and the ending of "Jim Crow" laws during the war, in response to which FDR issued an order prohibiting racial discrimination by federal agencies.

4) Who argued Brown's case? Brown's case was argued by Thurgood Marshall, and African American lawyer.

5) What did the Brown ruling declare? It declared that segregation in schools was unconstitutional and violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

6) What organization was started to support Rosa Parks? The Montgomery Improvement Association.

7) What did it do? It organized the bus boycott that followed Parks' arrest.

8) How did President Eisenhower respond to the crisis in Little Rock? He put the Arkansas national guard under federal control and ordered 1000 men into Little Rock. The students attended their classes under the watch of soldiers.

9) Who was the president of the SCLC? Martin Luther King.

10) What was the SCLC's purpose? It nonviolently combated segregation and "second-class citizenship."

11)What did the SNCC accomplish, and how? The SNCC helped to raise awareness about their cause and started to convince people that African Americans deserved equal treatment by protesting. They staged a number of "sit-ins" in which they sat down at whites-only lunch counters, and picketed outside of chain stores that had segregated lunch counters.