Chapter 29 Section 1 Study Guide

1. What did the Civil Rights Act of 1875 do? It outlawed segregation in public facilities on the grounds that everybody should be able to receive and enjoy the full accommodations of public facilities and "places of amusement". This act was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1883, and so was not upheld.
2. How did the court rule in Plessy? The court ruled that the "separate but equal" policy of Louisiana train stations did not violate the 14th amendment to the constitution.
3. In what way did World War II set the stage for the modern civil rights movement?
a. The labor shortage caused by young white men going to the war created an opportunity for African Americans and other minorities to do the jobs that needed doing that white men could only do before.
b. So many soldiers were needed for the war effort that the army was forced to drop its discriminatory policies and allow African Americans to fight as soldiers.
c. Many civil rights groups campaigned for African American voting rights during the war. President Roosevelt outlawed racial discrimination by federal agencies and all companies involved with war work.
4. Who argued Brown's case? Thurgood Marshall.
5. What did the Brown ruling declare? It declared that segregation in schools was in violation of the 14th amendment and should be made illegal.
6. What organization was formed in support of Rosa Parks? The Montgomery Improvement Association.
7. What did it do? It organized a bus boycott in response to the whole Rosa Parks fandango.
8. How did President Eisenhower respond to the Little Rock crisis? He put the Arkansas national guard under federal control and then ordered 1,000 paratroopers into Little Rock to accompany the students to school.
9. Who was the president of the SCLC? Martin Luther King, Jr.
10. What was SCLC's purpose? To "carry on nonviolent crusades against the evils of second class citizenship".
11. What did SNCC accomplish and how? The SNCC organized a "sit-ins", a kind of nonviolent protest in which African American students would sit at white eating tables in restaurants. Other groups followed suit and many restaurants were either desegregated or forced to call the police.